Supporting agencies: This article is funded by the Decision Consulting Research Project of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government (the project number is 2020-Z-B01) and by the 2019 China National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation Training Base Research Fund Project (the project number is 19SHJD013) (Z. Li) as well as by a grant from the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists No. MK-6113.2021.2 on the topic “The State Structure of Russia and China: Comparative Legal Research” (N. Symaniuk).