Responsibility in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Systems Usage: Features of Private and Public Law Regulation
https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2025-12-4-147-166
Abstract
The article examines the approaches and specifics of legal responsibility in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing particularly on private and public law. The study aims to analyze current legal mechanisms for responsible use of AI systems, with a particular emphasis on BRICS and the European Union jurisdictions, in order to identify effective regulatory approaches for AI activities. The paper also discusses ethical and ‘soft’ regulatory mechanisms for AI applications. Special attention is given to international recommendations on AI governance and harmonization of transparency and accountability standards on a global scale. The authors highlight the significant initiatives of private law, driven by the active integration of AI into private economic sectors, as well as the flexibility of companies in developing internal standards and ethical codes. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for integrating private and public responsibility mechanisms, and harmonizing international standards to ensure the effective protection of citizens’ rights while fostering innovation.
Keywords
responsibility,
artificial intelligence,
liability,
private law,
public law,
ethics,
BRICS,
European Union
Supporting agencies: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 24-28-01112, https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-01112/.
About the Authors
I. R. Khmelevskoi
University of Tyumen
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ilya R. Khmelevskoi – Teaching Assistant, Academic Department, School of Law and Governance; Postgraduate Student, Academic Department, School of Law and Management
6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen, 625003
N. A. Kalashnikov
University of Tyumen
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nikita A. Kalashnikov – Teaching Assistant, Academic Department, School of Law and Governance; Laboratory Assistant, “4Bio” Laboratory, Center for Innovative Design and Applied Research, School of Law and Management; Postgraduate Student, Academic Department, School of Law and Management
6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen, 625003
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Review
For citations:
Khmelevskoi I.R., Kalashnikov N.A. Responsibility in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Systems Usage: Features of Private and Public Law Regulation. BRICS Law Journal. 2025;12(4):147-166. https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2025-12-4-147-166
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