bricslawjournalBRICS Law JournalЮридический журнал БРИКС2409-90582412-2343Publishing House V.Ема10.21684/2412-2343-2025-12-4-147-166bricslawjournal-1438Research ArticleARTICLEResponsibility in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Systems Usage: Features of Private and Public Law Regulationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2787-1358KhmelevskoiI. R.

Ilya R. Khmelevskoi – Teaching Assistant, Academic Department, School of Law and Governance; Postgraduate Student, Academic Department, School of Law and Management

6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen, 625003

i.r.khmelevskoi@utmn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-6657-7939KalashnikovN. A.

Nikita A. Kalashnikov – Teaching Assistant, Academic Department, School of Law and Governance; Laboratory Assistant, “4Bio” Laboratory, Center for Innovative Design and Applied Research, School of Law and Management;  Postgraduate Student, Academic Department, School of Law and Management

6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen, 625003

n.a.kalashnikov@utmn.ruUniversity of TyumenRussian Federation202502122025124147166Copyright © Khmelevskoi I.R., Kalashnikov N.A., 20252025Khmelevskoi I.R., Kalashnikov N.A.Khmelevskoi I.R., Kalashnikov N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/1438

The article examines the approaches and specifics of legal responsibility in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing particularly on private and public law. The study aims to analyze current legal mechanisms for responsible use of AI systems, with a particular emphasis on BRICS and the European Union jurisdictions, in order to identify effective regulatory approaches for AI activities. The paper also discusses ethical and ‘soft’ regulatory mechanisms for AI applications. Special attention is given to international recommendations on AI governance and harmonization of transparency and accountability standards on a global scale. The authors highlight the significant initiatives of private law, driven by the active integration of AI into private economic sectors, as well as the flexibility of companies in developing internal standards and ethical codes. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for integrating private and public responsibility mechanisms, and harmonizing international standards to ensure the effective protection of citizens’ rights while fostering innovation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.