<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bricslawjournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">BRICS Law Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Юридический журнал БРИКС</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2409-9058</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-2343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House V.Ема</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21684/2412-2343-2014-1-1-5-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bricslawjournal-3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>THE BRICS COMMITMENT IN THE PROMOTION OF EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN: ANALYSIS FROM THE HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE PERSPECTIVE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fernandez</surname><given-names>C. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Christian Guillermet Fernández (San José, Costa Rica)  – Deputy Permanent Representative of Costa Rica to the United Nations in Geneva and ChairpersonRapporteur of the Working Group on the Right to Peace</p><p>(23 Rue de France, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">christian.guillermet@ties.itu.int</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puyana</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David Fernández Puyana (Barcelona, Spain) – PhD (European Mention), Legal Assistant of the Chairperson-Rapporteur at the Permanent Mission of Costa Rica in the United Nations in Geneva</p><p>(23 Rue de France, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostaricanmissionpeace@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Permanent Mission of Costa Rica in the United Nations in Geneva<country>Costa Rica</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Fernandez C.G., Puyana D.F., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Fernandez C.G., Puyana D.F.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fernandez C.G., Puyana D.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/3">https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/3</self-uri><abstract><p>The contribution of women to peace has been very relevant throughout history. The full and complete development of a country, the welfare of the world and the cause of peace require the maximum participation of women on equal terms with men in all fields. Gender equality has always been seen as an endless project, which should be realized by everyone around the world. The long-term effects of conflict and militarization create a culture of violence that renders women especially vulnerable in a post-war scenario. The interest in involving women and girls in the peace processes often stems from their experiences of armed conflicts, whether primarily as victims or as armed participants. They are aware of the potentials for transformation and reform in periods of peacemaking. Since 2008, the Human Rights Council has been working on the ‘Promotion of the right of peoples to peace.’ Pursuant to resolutions 20/15 and 23/16, the Council decided firstly to establish, and secondly to extend the mandate of the open-ended working group (OEWG) aimed atprogressively negotiating a draft United Nations declaration on the right to peace. The OEGW welcomed, in its second session (July 2014), the approach of the Chairperson-Rapporteur, which is essentially based on the promotion of equality between men and women, and the relationship between the right to life and human rights, peace and development.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>war and violence</kwd><kwd>BRICS</kwd><kwd>women</kwd><kwd>right of peoples to peace</kwd><kwd>Human Rights Council</kwd><kwd>General Assembly</kwd><kwd>Open-Ended Working Group</kwd><kwd>right to life in peace</kwd><kwd>human rights and development</kwd><kwd>equality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Summit Outcome, G.A. Res. 60/1, U.N. GAOR, 60th Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, U.N. Doc. A/Res/60/1 (2005), at &lt;http://www.refworld.org/docid/44168a910.html&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Summit Outcome, G.A. Res. 60/1, U.N. GAOR, 60th Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, U.N. Doc. A/Res/60/1 (2005), at &lt;http://www.refworld.org/docid/44168a910.html&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annual Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, Katarina Tomaševski, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2000/9, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 57th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 45, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/52 (2001), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G01/101/77/PDF/G0110177.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annual Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, Katarina Tomaševski, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2000/9, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 57th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 45, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/52 (2001), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G01/101/77/PDF/G0110177.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CCPR General Comment No. 14: Article 6 (Right to Life) Nuclear Weapons and the Right to Life, U.N. GAOR, Hum. Rts. Comm., 23rd Sess., ¶ 4 (1984), at &lt;http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883f911.html&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CCPR General Comment No. 14: Article 6 (Right to Life) Nuclear Weapons and the Right to Life, U.N. GAOR, Hum. Rts. Comm., 23rd Sess., ¶ 4 (1984), at &lt;http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883f911.html&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elements for an Overall UNESCO Strategy on Human Rights, UNESCO Executive Board, ¶ 31, U.N. Doc. 165 EX/10 (2002), at &lt;http://www.fau.edu/divdept/schmidt/unesco/hr_strategy_paper.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elements for an Overall UNESCO Strategy on Human Rights, UNESCO Executive Board, ¶ 31, U.N. Doc. 165 EX/10 (2002), at &lt;http://www.fau.edu/divdept/schmidt/unesco/hr_strategy_paper.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Follow-up to the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, G.A. Res. 54/54 Q, U.N. GAOR 1st Comm., 54th Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, U.N. Doc. A/Res/54/54 Q (1999), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/231/83/PDF/N0023183.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Follow-up to the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, G.A. Res. 54/54 Q, U.N. GAOR 1st Comm., 54th Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, U.N. Doc. A/Res/54/54 Q (1999), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N00/231/83/PDF/N0023183.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Girls’ Right to Education: Report Submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, Mr. V. Muñoz Villalobos, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 62nd Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 18, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2006/45 (2006), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G06/106/70/PDF/G0610670.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Girls’ Right to Education: Report Submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, Mr. V. Muñoz Villalobos, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 62nd Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 18, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2006/45 (2006), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G06/106/70/PDF/G0610670.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Health Poverty and Millenium Development Goals, Report of the WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2005).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Health Poverty and Millenium Development Goals, Report of the WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific (2005).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Human Rights and Extreme Poverty, G.A. Res. 53/146, U.N. GAOR 3rd Comm., 53rd Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, ¶ 3 (1999), U.N. Doc. A/RES/53/146, at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/771/01/PDF/N9977101.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan 27, 2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human Rights and Extreme Poverty, G.A. Res. 53/146, U.N. GAOR 3rd Comm., 53rd Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, ¶ 3 (1999), U.N. Doc. A/RES/53/146, at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/771/01/PDF/N9977101.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan 27, 2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: Report Submitted by Ms. A.-M. Lizin, Independent Expert, Pursuant to Commission Resolution 2000/12, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 57th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 93, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/54 (2001), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G01/112/93/PDF/G0111293.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: Report Submitted by Ms. A.-M. Lizin, Independent Expert, Pursuant to Commission Resolution 2000/12, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 57th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 93, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/54 (2001), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G01/112/93/PDF/G0111293.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: Report Submitted by Ms. A.-M. Lizin, Independent Expert, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 60th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 79, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2004/43 (2004), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/111/24/PDF/G0411124.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: Report Submitted by Ms. A.-M. Lizin, Independent Expert, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 60th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 79, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2004/43 (2004), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/111/24/PDF/G0411124.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women, G.A. Res. 40/108, U.N. GAOR 3rd Comm., 40th Sess., Supp. No. 53, U.N. Doc. A/RES/40/108 (1985), at &lt;http://www.un-documents.net/a40r108.htm&gt; ( (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women, G.A. Res. 40/108, U.N. GAOR 3rd Comm., 40th Sess., Supp. No. 53, U.N. Doc. A/RES/40/108 (1985), at &lt;http://www.un-documents.net/a40r108.htm&gt; ( (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juridical Condition and Rights of Undocumented Migrants, Advisory Opinion OC-18/03, Inter.-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. A) No. 18, ¶ 101, at &lt;http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/seriea_18_ing.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27. 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juridical Condition and Rights of Undocumented Migrants, Advisory Opinion OC-18/03, Inter.-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. A) No. 18, ¶ 101, at &lt;http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/opiniones/seriea_18_ing.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27. 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Protection of Migrant Workers, G.A. Res. 60/169, U.N. GAOR 3rd Comm., 60th Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, ¶ 5, U.N. Doc. A/RES/60/169 (2006), at &lt;http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/60/169&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protection of Migrant Workers, G.A. Res. 60/169, U.N. GAOR 3rd Comm., 60th Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, ¶ 5, U.N. Doc. A/RES/60/169 (2006), at &lt;http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/60/169&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Relationship between Disarmament and Development in the Current International Context, G.A. Res. 61/64, U.N. GAOR 1st Comm., 61st Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, ¶ 4, U.N. Doc. A/Res/61/64 (2007), at &lt;http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGARsn/2006/131.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Relationship between Disarmament and Development in the Current International Context, G.A. Res. 61/64, U.N. GAOR 1st Comm., 61st Sess., Supp. No. 49 I, ¶ 4, U.N. Doc. A/Res/61/64 (2007), at &lt;http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGARsn/2006/131.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Mr. Jean Ziegler, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2001/25, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 58th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 72, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2002/58 (2002), at &lt;http://www.righttofood.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/ECN.4200258.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Mr. Jean Ziegler, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2001/25, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 58th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 72, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2002/58 (2002), at &lt;http://www.righttofood.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/ECN.4200258.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, Sept. 4–15, 1995), Annex 2: Platform for Action, ¶¶ 1, 12, 23, 39, 46, 131, 224, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.177/20, at &lt;http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf177/aconf177-20en.htm&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, Sept. 4–15, 1995), Annex 2: Platform for Action, ¶¶ 1, 12, 23, 39, 46, 131, 224, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.177/20, at &lt;http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf177/aconf177-20en.htm&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development, U.N. GAOR, 59th Sess., ¶ 18, U.N. Doc. A/59/119 (2004), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/402/50/PDF/N0440250.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development, U.N. GAOR, 59th Sess., ¶ 18, U.N. Doc. A/59/119 (2004), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/402/50/PDF/N0440250.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Independent Expert on the Question of Human Rights and Extreme Poverty, Arjun Sengupta, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 61st Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 14, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2005/49 (2005), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G05/108/86/PDF/G0510886.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Independent Expert on the Question of Human Rights and Extreme Poverty, Arjun Sengupta, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 61st Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 14, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2005/49 (2005), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G05/108/86/PDF/G0510886.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the International Conference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development (New York, Aug. 24 – Sep. 11, 1987), at 19, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.130/39 (1987).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the International Conference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development (New York, Aug. 24 – Sep. 11, 1987), at 19, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.130/39 (1987).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Right to Peace, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 27th Sess., Agenda Item 5: Human Rights Bodies and Mechanisms, ¶ 93, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/27/63 (2014) (Chair-Rapporteur: Christian Guillermet-Fernández), at &lt;http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session27/Documents/A-HRC-27-63_en.doc&gt; (accessed Jan. 26, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Right to Peace, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 27th Sess., Agenda Item 5: Human Rights Bodies and Mechanisms, ¶ 93, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/27/63 (2014) (Chair-Rapporteur: Christian Guillermet-Fernández), at &lt;http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session27/Documents/A-HRC-27-63_en.doc&gt; (accessed Jan. 26, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Jean Ziegler, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 4th Sess., Agenda Item 2: Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 Entitled ‘Human Rights Council,’ ¶ 4, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/4/30 (2007), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G07/103/43/PDF/G0710343.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Jean Ziegler, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 4th Sess., Agenda Item 2: Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 Entitled ‘Human Rights Council,’ ¶ 4, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/4/30 (2007), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G07/103/43/PDF/G0710343.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Indigenous People, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 6th Sess., Agenda Item 3: Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, ¶ 55, 67, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/6/15 (2007), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G07/149/23/PDF/G0714923.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Indigenous People, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 6th Sess., Agenda Item 3: Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, ¶ 55, 67, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/6/15 (2007), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G07/149/23/PDF/G0714923.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Rashida Manjoo, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 17th Sess., Agenda Item 3: Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, ¶¶ 66, 88, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/17/26 (2011), at &lt;http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/17session/A-HRC-17-26.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Rashida Manjoo, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 17th Sess., Agenda Item 3: Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, ¶¶ 66, 88, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/17/26 (2011), at &lt;http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/17session/A-HRC-17-26.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Rashida Manjoo, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 14th Sess., Agenda Item 3: Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/22 (2010), at &lt;http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.22.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Rashida Manjoo, U.N. GAOR, Human Rights Council, 14th Sess., Agenda Item 3: Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/22 (2010), at &lt;http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.22.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2000/45. Violence against Women Perpetrated and/or Condoned by the State During Times of Armed Conflict (1997–2000), U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 57th Sess., Agenda Item 12(a): Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender Perspective: Violence against Women, ¶¶ 57, 58, 117, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/73 (2001), at &lt;http://www.awf.or.jp/pdf/h0015.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, Submitted in Accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2000/45. Violence against Women Perpetrated and/or Condoned by the State During Times of Armed Conflict (1997–2000), U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 57th Sess., Agenda Item 12(a): Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender Perspective: Violence against Women, ¶¶ 57, 58, 117, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/73 (2001), at &lt;http://www.awf.or.jp/pdf/h0015.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Gabriela Rodríguez Pizarro, Submitted Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolution 1999/44, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 56th Sess., Agenda Item 14(a): Specific Groups and Individuals: Migrant Workers, ¶¶ 55–56, 63, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2000/82 (2000), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G00/100/36/PDF/G0010036.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the Special Rapporteur, Ms. Gabriela Rodríguez Pizarro, Submitted Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolution 1999/44, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 56th Sess., Agenda Item 14(a): Specific Groups and Individuals: Migrant Workers, ¶¶ 55–56, 63, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2000/82 (2000), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G00/100/36/PDF/G0010036.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report Submitted by Ms. A.-M. Lizin, Independent Expert on the Question of Human Rights and Extreme Poverty Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2002/30, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 56th Sess., ¶¶ 10–11, 58, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2000/52 (2000).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report Submitted by Ms. A.-M. Lizin, Independent Expert on the Question of Human Rights and Extreme Poverty Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2002/30, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 56th Sess., ¶¶ 10–11, 58, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2000/52 (2000).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Final Report on Human Rights and Extreme Poverty, Submitted by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Leandro Despouy, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 48th Sess., Agenda Item 8: The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Annex 3, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub. 2/1996/13 (1996), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G96/130/26/PDF/G9613026.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Final Report on Human Rights and Extreme Poverty, Submitted by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Leandro Despouy, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 48th Sess., Agenda Item 8: The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Annex 3, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub. 2/1996/13 (1996), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G96/130/26/PDF/G9613026.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Paul Hunt, Submitted in Accordance with Commission Resolution 2002/31, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 59th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 45–46, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2003/58 (2003), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G03/109/79/PDF/G0310979.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health: Report of the Special Rapporteur, Paul Hunt, Submitted in Accordance with Commission Resolution 2002/31, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 59th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 45–46, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2003/58 (2003), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G03/109/79/PDF/G0310979.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Right to Education: Report Submitted by the Special Rapporteur, Katarina Tomaševski, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 60th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 53, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2004/45 (2004), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/103/32/PDF/G0410332.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Right to Education: Report Submitted by the Special Rapporteur, Katarina Tomaševski, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 60th Sess., Agenda Item 10: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ¶ 53, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2004/45 (2004), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/103/32/PDF/G0410332.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Role of Men and Boys in Achieving Gender Equality: Report of the Expert Group Meeting (Brasilia, Brazil, Oct. 21–24, 2003), U.N. Division of Advancement of Women, U.N. Doc. EGM/MEN-BOYS-GE/2003/REPORT (2004), at &lt;http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/men-boys2003/reports/Finalreport.PDF&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Role of Men and Boys in Achieving Gender Equality: Report of the Expert Group Meeting (Brasilia, Brazil, Oct. 21–24, 2003), U.N. Division of Advancement of Women, U.N. Doc. EGM/MEN-BOYS-GE/2003/REPORT (2004), at &lt;http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/men-boys2003/reports/Finalreport.PDF&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thematic Issue before the Commission: The Role of Men and Boys in Achieving Gender Equality: Report of the Secretary-General, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on the Status of Women, U.N. Doc. E/CN.6/2004/9 (2003), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/671/62/PDF/N0367162.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thematic Issue before the Commission: The Role of Men and Boys in Achieving Gender Equality: Report of the Secretary-General, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on the Status of Women, U.N. Doc. E/CN.6/2004/9 (2003), at &lt;http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N03/671/62/PDF/N0367162.pdf?OpenElement&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 59th Sess., 56th mtg. ¶ 1.a, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2003/L.11/Add.3 (2003).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights, 59th Sess., 56th mtg. ¶ 1.a, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2003/L.11/Add.3 (2003).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations, 1985 Report on the World Social Situation at 34, 43, U.N. Doc. ST/ESA/165, U.N. Sales No. E.85.IV.2 (1985).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations, 1985 Report on the World Social Situation at 34, 43, U.N. Doc. ST/ESA/165, U.N. Sales No. E.85.IV.2 (1985).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action: World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna, Jun. 14–25 1993), ¶ 14, U.N. Doc. A/CONF. 157/23 (1993), at &lt;http://www.ub.fu-berlin.de/service_neu/ubpubl/mitarbeiter/dbe/UDHR60/Vienna_declaration.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action: World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna, Jun. 14–25 1993), ¶ 14, U.N. Doc. A/CONF. 157/23 (1993), at &lt;http://www.ub.fu-berlin.de/service_neu/ubpubl/mitarbeiter/dbe/UDHR60/Vienna_declaration.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Violence against Women Migrant Workers, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights Res. 2002/58, 58th Sess., Supp. No. 3, ¶ 4, U.N. Doc. E/2002/23–E/CN.4/2002/200 (2002), at &lt;http://www.un.org/en/terrorism/pdfs/2/G0215272.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Violence against Women Migrant Workers, U.N. ESCOR, Commission on Human Rights Res. 2002/58, 58th Sess., Supp. No. 3, ¶ 4, U.N. Doc. E/2002/23–E/CN.4/2002/200 (2002), at &lt;http://www.un.org/en/terrorism/pdfs/2/G0215272.pdf&gt; (accessed Jan. 27, 2015).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
