bricslawjournalBRICS Law JournalЮридический журнал БРИКС2409-90582412-2343Publishing House V.Ема10.21684/2412-2343-2025-12-4-119-146bricslawjournal-1437Research ArticleARTICLEForensic Linguistics: Identification of Individuals by Written and Oral Speech as Evidence in Criminal Cases in BRICS Countries (Brazil, India, Russia)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-4703MorozovaJu.

Julia Morozova  – Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Procedure, Criminalistics and Forensic Examination

76 Lenina Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080

kudriavtcevaya@susu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-2962PapoyanN.

Natalie Papoyan  – Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Translation Studies, Department of Criminal Procedure, Criminalistics and Forensic Examination

76 Lenina Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080

papoiannp@susu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3063-2431UpadhyayN. K.

Niteesh Kumar Upadhyay  – Associate Professor, Schoolof Law; Research Fellow

DA-IICT Campus, Near Reliance Cross Rd., Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007; Tashkent

niteeshkumar_upadhyay@dau.ac.inSouth Ural State University (National Research University)Russian FederationTashkent State Law University; Dhirubhai Ambani UniversityUzbekistan202502122025124119146Copyright © Morozova J., Papoyan N., Upadhyay N.K., 20252025Morozova J., Papoyan N., Upadhyay N.K.Morozova J., Papoyan N., Upadhyay N.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bricslawjournal.com/jour/article/view/1437

This paper explores the dimensions for systematic collaboration in forensic linguistics among BRICS nations, specifically Brazil, India, and Russia. In an increasingly globalized world where crimes are frequently committed through text or speech, the topic is vital. A review of scientific literature reveals that while some countries possess solid domestic foundations in forensic linguistics–encompassing forensic phonetics and authorship analysis–the focus has remained on national applications, overlooking opportunities for exchanging knowledge internationally. The research employs a“compare and contrast” methodology to systematically analyze the techniques, legal frameworks, and applications in these three countries. Russia’s approach is characterized by scientifically grounded techniques using phonetics, acoustics, and advanced quantitative software. Brazil similarly employs precise perceptual-auditory, acoustic, and stylometric analyses. In contrast, Indian experts have recognized the need to integrate such methodologies into their justice system. The article argues that mutual exchange of linguistic knowledge and practical experience can refine existing methodologies, help establishing effective practices in India, and ultimately enhance crime investigation and resolution across the BRICS+ alliance. Such collaboration is particularly crucial for combating anonymous online crimes, where advanced linguistic analysis can significantly improve investigative efficiency

forensic linguisticsauthorship attributionanalysisspeaker recognitioncriminal proceedingsBRICSReferencesCoulthard, M., Johnson, A., & Wright, D. (2016). An introduction to forensic linguistics: Language in evidence. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315630311Coulthard, M., Johnson, A., & Wright, D. (2016). An introduction to forensic linguistics: Language in evidence. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315630311Figueiredo, D. (2014). Discurso, gênero e violência: uma análise de representações públicas do crime de estupro. Language and Law/Linguagem eDireito, 1(1), 141–158. (In Portuguese).Figueiredo, D. (2014). Discurso, gênero e violência: uma análise de representações públicas do crime de estupro. Language and Law/Linguagem eDireito, 1(1), 141–158. (In Portuguese).Galyashina, E. I. (2018). Forensic linguistics in Russia: State of the art and new challenges. Theory and Practice of Forensic Examination, 13(4), 28–37. (In Russian).Galyashina, E. I. (2018). Forensic linguistics in Russia: State of the art and new challenges. Theory and Practice of Forensic Examination, 13(4), 28–37. (In Russian).Galyashina, E. I., & Privodnova, E. V. (2006). Authorship examination in Russian legal proceedings. Lex russica, 65(4), 755–761. (In Russian).Galyashina, E. I., & Privodnova, E. V. (2006). Authorship examination in Russian legal proceedings. Lex russica, 65(4), 755–761. (In Russian).Gibbons, J., & Turell, M. T. (Eds.) (2008). Dimensions of forensic linguistics. Equinox Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1075/aals.5.19conGibbons, J., & Turell, M. T. (Eds.) (2008). Dimensions of forensic linguistics. Equinox Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1075/aals.5.19conGolev, N. D. (1999). The legal aspect of language in linguistic coverage. Legal Linguistics, 1(1), 12–59. (In Russian).Golev, N. D. (1999). The legal aspect of language in linguistic coverage. Legal Linguistics, 1(1), 12–59. (In Russian).Gomes, M. L. C., Richert, L. C., & Malakoski, J. (2012). Identificação de locutor na área forense: A importância da pesquisa interdisciplinary. Encontro do CELSU, 24(6), 1–13. (In Portuguese).Gomes, M. L. C., Richert, L. C., & Malakoski, J. (2012). Identificação de locutor na área forense: A importância da pesquisa interdisciplinary. Encontro do CELSU, 24(6), 1–13. (In Portuguese).Gómez, P., San Segundo, E., Mazaira, L. M., Álvarez, A., & Rodellar, V. (2017). Using dysphonic voice to characterize speaker’s biometry. Language and Law/Linguagem eDireito, 1(2), 2–66. (In Portuguese). https://ojs.letras.up.pt/index.php/LLLD/article/view/2431Gómez, P., San Segundo, E., Mazaira, L. M., Álvarez, A., & Rodellar, V. (2017). Using dysphonic voice to characterize speaker’s biometry. Language and Law/Linguagem eDireito, 1(2), 2–66. (In Portuguese). https://ojs.letras.up.pt/index.php/LLLD/article/view/2431Gonçalves, C. S., & Brescancini, C. R. (2017). Considerações sobre o papel da sociofonética na comparação forense de locutores. Language and Law/Linguagem eDireito, 1(2), 67–87. (In Portuguese).Gonçalves, C. S., & Brescancini, C. R. (2017). Considerações sobre o papel da sociofonética na comparação forense de locutores. Language and Law/Linguagem eDireito, 1(2), 67–87. (In Portuguese).Gonçalves, J. S. S. (2021). Práticas de Análise em Linguística Forense. Language and Law/Linguagem e Direito, 8(1), 120–124. (In Portuguese).Gonçalves, J. S. S. (2021). Práticas de Análise em Linguística Forense. Language and Law/Linguagem e Direito, 8(1), 120–124. (In Portuguese).Hollien, H. (1990). The acoustics of crime: The new science of forensic phonetics. Springer.Hollien, H. (1990). The acoustics of crime: The new science of forensic phonetics. Springer.Izotova T. M., Plotnikova A. M., Kuznetsov V. O., & Kryuk E. K. (2020). Guidelines for conducting forensic authorship examinations. Publishing House of the RFCFS of the Russian Ministry of Justice. https://doi.org/10.30764/978-5-91133-219-8-2020-12. (In Russian).Izotova T. M., Plotnikova A. M., Kuznetsov V. O., & Kryuk E. K. (2020). Guidelines for conducting forensic authorship examinations. Publishing House of the RFCFS of the Russian Ministry of Justice. https://doi.org/10.30764/978-5-91133-219-8-2020-12. (In Russian).Khairullova, E. T. (2022). Autoratic research: Practice and prospects of application. Law and Legislation, 7, 221–223. https://doi.org/10.24412/2073-3313-2022-7-221-223. (In Russian).Khairullova, E. T. (2022). Autoratic research: Practice and prospects of application. Law and Legislation, 7, 221–223. https://doi.org/10.24412/2073-3313-2022-7-221-223. (In Russian).Litvinova, T. A., & Gromova, A. V. (2020). Computer technologies in forensic authorship examination: Problems and prospects of use. Bulletin of Volgograd State University, 19(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.1.7. (In Russian).Litvinova, T. A., & Gromova, A. V. (2020). Computer technologies in forensic authorship examination: Problems and prospects of use. Bulletin of Volgograd State University, 19(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.1.7. (In Russian).Nazarova, T. V., & Gromova, A. V. (2016). Objects and tasks of linguistic and authorship examinations carried out in forensic units of the internal affairs agencies of the Russian Federation. Forensic Examination of Belarus, 1, 43–46. (In Russian).Nazarova, T. V., & Gromova, A. V. (2016). Objects and tasks of linguistic and authorship examinations carried out in forensic units of the internal affairs agencies of the Russian Federation. Forensic Examination of Belarus, 1, 43–46. (In Russian).Panicheva, P., & Litvinova, T. (2019). Authorship attribution in Russian in realworld forensics scenario. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing (pp. 299–310). Springer.Panicheva, P., & Litvinova, T. (2019). Authorship attribution in Russian in realworld forensics scenario. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing (pp. 299–310). Springer.Rehder, M. I. B. C., et al. (2014). Coincidências e divergências entre transcrição e textualização de áudios. Revista CEFAC, 16(6), 1919–1927. (In Portuguese).Rehder, M. I. B. C., et al. (2014). Coincidências e divergências entre transcrição e textualização de áudios. Revista CEFAC, 16(6), 1919–1927. (In Portuguese).Rose, P. (2002). Forensic speaker identification. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203166369Rose, P. (2002). Forensic speaker identification. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203166369Rusman, G., D’Orio, E., Popova, E., & Kipouras, P. (2023). Features of the application of digital technology in criminal proceedings of the BRICS countries. BRICS Law Journal, 10(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2023-10-1-35-58Rusman, G., D’Orio, E., Popova, E., & Kipouras, P. (2023). Features of the application of digital technology in criminal proceedings of the BRICS countries. BRICS Law Journal, 10(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2023-10-1-35-58San Segundo, E., & Gómez-Vilda, P. (2014). Evaluating the forensic importance of glottal source features through the voice analysis of twins and non-twin siblings. Language and Law/Linguagem e Direito, 1(2), 22–41.San Segundo, E., & Gómez-Vilda, P. (2014). Evaluating the forensic importance of glottal source features through the voice analysis of twins and non-twin siblings. Language and Law/Linguagem e Direito, 1(2), 22–41.Sapir, E. (1927). Speech as a personality trait. American Journal of Sociology, 32(6), 892–905.Sapir, E. (1927). Speech as a personality trait. American Journal of Sociology, 32(6), 892–905.Sokolova, T. P. (2019). Forensic author identification as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge. Courier of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, 5(57), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998-2019-57-5-132-142. (In Russian).Sokolova, T. P. (2019). Forensic author identification as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge. Courier of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, 5(57), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998-2019-57-5-132-142. (In Russian).Toppo, R., & Sinha, S. (2023). Evaluating and accessing the scope of forensic linguistics in a multilingual context in India. Language in India, 23(8), 113–159.Toppo, R., & Sinha, S. (2023). Evaluating and accessing the scope of forensic linguistics in a multilingual context in India. Language in India, 23(8), 113–159.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.