ConTRIBuTIonS oF InDIAn AuTHoRS In THE SuBJECT CATEGoRy LAW oF THE WEB OF SCIENCE CORE COLLECTION : A BIBLIomETRIC AnALySIS

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of research works in the subject category law published with the affiliation of India in the Web of science Core Collection . A total of 529 published works by Indian authors from Indian law schools and institutions on or relating to the subject of the law have appeared in law journals and other sources. The works are indexed in the Core Collection for the years 1999–2019 and have been cited 2,041 times over this 20-year period. To conduct the analysis of the published data based on norms such as author-wise, country-wise and citation-wise figures, normative bibliographic techniques were applied to attain the objectives. After a detailed discussion of the analysis of the data, the research arrives at the conclusion that Indian authors have fewer published works in the subject category law in the Core Collection than two other Asian countries, but that there has been a gradual increase in their number since 2011.

Introduction a higher education system covers the final level of education and comprises the universities and advanced institutions of instruction in such fields as technology, medicine, science, the humanities and social sciences, languages and law. a developed and fully established education system is a pre-requisite for any welfare state that aspires to social and economic growth and recognition at the global level. The universities and higher-level educational institutions are the torch-bearers for the modern system of education and research and have the responsibility to be at the forefront.
With the increasing competition in the field of legal education at the national, regional and international levels, and with the limited availability of public and private funding for education and research, the measurement of productivity is becoming ever more important for potential students, education administrators, policymakers and funding organizations. each year, various agencies prepare standards by which to evaluate universities and institutions on different parameters of teaching and research. one of the important parameters for evaluating an institution is its research output. The level of development of educational institutions can be revealed by the quality of research outputs in such ways as the number of research works published and the number of patents acquired, among others. of these, published research works is one of the parameters that can reliably show the research output of any state, university, institution -or even of a person. in the field of the law, the Web of Science bibliographic database maintains an index known as the Core Collection, and the subject category Law, which covers journals and other sources specializing in the law.
This study is an attempt to explore the research output of indian authors for the years 1999 to 2019 on the basis of publication data available in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law. an attempt is also made to understand the different dimensions of research output by analyzing different parameters such as yearly publications, topranked journals, author's affiliations and patterns of communication.
1. Review of the Literature many research scholars have published their respective findings based on norms such as citations, h-index, author affiliation, type of resources, etc. garg and Kumar (2014) analyzed 9,957 works indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and published by indian researchers in the disciplines of the life sciences. The results reveal that a majority of works are published by a male and female co-authorship pattern. 1 another study (gupta, gupta, Kshitij and Bala, 2014)  This study was based on the factors author-wise, country-wise or citation-wise. some studies analyzed occurrence patterns, some co-authorship patterns, and some bibliometric coupling. From the above review of the literature, one may observe that the majority of bibliometric studies have been conducted in a science discipline and a gap can be seen in the field of the law.
The present study focuses on the discipline of the law with all patterns.

Objectives of the Study
undermentioned objectives are framed to study the research outcomes of indian authors in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law: -To explore the growth of indian published works in law among the asian countries; -To study the distribution of the type of law in the published works; -To make a brief analysis of the occurrences and trend of indian researchers' published works in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law; -To identify the source types of the published works which are cited more often in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law; -To examine the contribution of indian authors in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law.

Methodology
The subject category Law from 1999 to august 2019 accessible on the Web of Science database was studied to arrive at the research output. To gather the data for the study, an online search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law during the last week of august 2019 using the Field Tag WC=laW. a total of 529 published works were identified having affiliation with india. Full bibliographic detail is available for these records in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law. a number of separate files were created for the types of the publications, authors' names, journal names, etc., for the 529 published works.

Results and Discussion
as reflected in the subject category Law database, a total of 529 published works were available in the database during the period 1999-2019 where the Field Tag was WC=laW. as presented in Table 1 below, based on the country-wise data of a number of works published during the period under study, india ranks third in asian countries with China and israel ranked first and second, respectively. one of the importent indicators of the quality or impact of the published works is the number of citations the works received in other research studies. on this parameter, india ranks fi fth among asian countries with 3.86 citations per published work, as shown in Table 1, and israel ranks fi rst with 9.85 average citations per published work. a total of 529 works by indian authors were cited 2,041 times, while 855 works by israeli authors were cited 8,419 times.
The 529 works were published over a period of 20 years, and, on average, 25 works were published yearly, with a steady increase in the number of works published each year as shown in Figure 1   Published works are not limited to research articles only and can appear in a number of other forms such as reviews, proceedings papers, editorial material, etc. Figure 2 below displays the publication type-wise distribution of the 529 works published during 1999-2019 and indexed in the subject category Law. The types of the published works are: articles -459 (86.77%); book reviews -32 (6.05%); editorial material -23 (4.35%); reviews -10 (1.89%); proceedings papers -4 (0.76%) [and, others -1 (0.19%)], as indicated in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Distribution of published works by type
The 529 published works were cited 2,041 times, with 3.86 average citations per work. a breakdown of the average number of citations per work for diff erent content types reveals that reviews were the most cited form with 100 citations and 10 citations per work on average. The number of citations for articles was 1,872 with 4.08 average citations per work, and proceedings papers with 28 citations and an average of 7 citations per work as displayed in Figure 3 below. Book reviews and editorial material were the least cited types of published works.

Figure 3: Total citations and average number of citations
The total number of citations received was 2,041 for 529 works published in the subject category Law during the period from 1999 to 2019. The average number of citations received per published work was 3.86. in 2017, 12.95 was the average number of citations received per published work, and 11.20 the average number of citations received per publication.

Figure 4: Indian-affi lation published works in the Web of science
Core Collection in the subject category law Based on the number of published works in the subject category Law, it was found that 6 journals published 356 works and the total cumulative published output by india during 1999-2019 amounted to 67.30%. The most recurrent journal was the Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, which published 155 works, followed by Medicine Science and The Law with 144 works by indian authors in the subject category Law from 1999 to 2019, as revealed in Table 2 below. Based on the publications output data for Law, 8 indian authors were identified who had more than 10 published works in the Web of Science database under the subject category Law from 1999 to 2019. These authors (listed in Table 3 below) altogether contributed 111 works (20.98%). The average number of citations of the authors during 1999 to 2019 was 6.33 per author and per published work citation 5.89. These authors were: l. rajamani, with 24.92 average citations per work; B.r. sharma, with 8.00; r. rautji, with 5.91; and T.D. Dogra, with 5.53, as shown in Table 3. Conclusion india has very good academic and administrative infrastructure and facilities for teaching and research in the law. Yet, the analysis of the data from the Web of Science database shows that the number of published works in the subject category Law from india is less than that of some other asian countries. since 2011, however, the number of these works from india demonstrates a gradual increase. indian authors are more motivated to publish research articles purely in the field of the law rather than in allied or interdisciplinary fields.
The discussion in this research also explored a trend adopted by indian authors to publish their research output or materials in indian publications, as noted by the fact that there were a total of 1,872 published works cited in the Web of Science Core Collection in the subject category Law during 1999-2019, while only 67 works were contributed by four indian authors.
it is also clear from the analysis that indian authors are contributing a lot in terms of published legal research work, but most of the journals their works appear in are not listed in the Web of Science Core Collection subject category Law, which is something that has become a limiting factor for wider dissemination of their research output. logically, it may be said that there is lack of awareness. and, as a recommendation, it may be said that indian authors and publishers who are working in the field of the law should be made better aware of the publications indexed in the Web of Science.
adoption of the relevant technology is also required, for in the present era of information technology there has been a strong demand and proliferation of online journals and research databases. in india, a large number of indian journals in the field of law still publish in print form, a circumstance that places indian journals beyond the reach of computerized research databases and indexes, with the result that their reference citations are not being counted nor appearing in citation counting techniques. in the field of the law, primarily online versions of print journals should be encouraged and, secondly, a separate citation index system for print-only journals should be developed, which will help in assessing the contributions of all authors and researchers working in the field of the law.